By preventing traffic accidents, the economic burden on health care can be reduced. The aim of our research was to examine the relationship between road traffic accidents with injuries and changes in the number of passenger cars per thousand inhabitants with regard to economic development and alcohol consumption in the Alpine region. A study on the ecological relationships was conducted for the Alpine countries that had data going back at least 20 years. Spearman's rank correlations were used for analysis. Road traffic accidents involving injuries were significantly and negatively correlated with years, Gross domestic product and cars per thousand inhabitants. A significant positive correlation was found between road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption. In conclusion, an increase in the number of cars in itself does not lead to more accidents and avoidable deaths in any country. Therefore, policy makers should consider investigating the introduction of zero tolerance in these countries.
- Citation: Boruzs, K., Boda, R., Bányai, G., Dombrádi, V., Szőllősi, G. J., & Bíró, K. (2025). Association between road traffic accidents and economic growth with a special focus on alcohol consumption: A comparison of six Alpine countries. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (37), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.70147/s37714
- Published on: 2nd April, 2025
- Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Road Traffic Accidents with Injuries, Pure Alcohol Consumption, Economic Growth, Alpine Region,
- Pages: 7-14
- Received: 27th January, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st March, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s37714
In 2020, the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (OJK) introduced Regulation No. 12/POJK.03/2020, mandating that all commercial banks maintain a minimum core capital of three trillion rupiah by the end of 2022. This regulatory change aimed to strengthen the financial resilience and stability of the banking sector. However, the potential impact of this requirement on bank performance remains a critical area of investigation. This study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between core capital requirements and the financial performance of commercial banks in Indonesia. Using banking statistical data from 2013 to 2022, we examine the extent to which core capital influences bank profitability. The study employs Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as proxies for core capital, while Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) serve as indicators of bank performance. A descriptive-explanatory research design was adopted, and a simple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between these variables. The findings reveal that the core capital requirement has a statistically significant negative effect on bank profitability, suggesting that higher capital requirements may impose constraints on the financial performance of commercial banks. Based on these results, we recommend that banking regulators in Indonesia strengthen their oversight mechanisms and explore strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects, ensuring that capital requirements contribute positively to the stability and long-term performance of the banking sector.
- Citation: Julianto, & Arie, F. V. (2025). Does the core capital requirement affect bank performance? SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (37), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.70147/s371524
- Published on: 2nd April, 2025
- Keywords: Bank Core Capital, Bank Profitability, Commercial Banks, Indonesia,
- Pages: 15-24
- Received: 15th February, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st March, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s371524
The education system in Israel is characterized by a centralized structure where the Ministry of Education sets the national curriculum and standards, while local authorities are responsible for the day-to-day management of schools within their jurisdictions. The education system in the Arab sector in Israel plays a central role in the social, economic, and cultural development of the Arab population. Arab local authorities in Israel play a significant role in managing and influencing the local education system, but at the same time, they face unique challenges arising from budgetary, social, and political limitations. This article focuses on Arab local authorities that manage separate schools for the Arab population, and examines their influence on the education system in their communities, while addressing the unique budgetary, political, and social challenges they face.
- Citation: Saffuri, R. (2025). The Arab Local Authorities in Israel and Their Impact on the Education System: Between Powers and Limitations. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (37), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.70147/s372529
- Published on: 2nd April, 2025
- Keywords: Arab Local Authority, Education System, Arab Education in Israel,
- Pages: 25-29
- Received: 18th January, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st March, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s372529
This case study examines a method used to bypass legal regulations on the restitution of properties seized during Romania's communist regime. Since the regime's fall, Romania has faced criticism from international bodies, including the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), for delays or failure to complete property restitution. The ECHR has issued several rulings and recommendations urging the Romanian state to uphold the rights of those affected by these seizures. From 2009-2023, administrative measures aimed at completing restitution were insufficient, facing bureaucratic delays and resource shortages. Despite constitutional commitments to human rights, implementation often lags. The ECHR has stressed that without political will, the restitution process will not be completed. Romania continues to struggle with fulfilling these commitments, with public administrations showing reluctance and questions about judicial independence. This study offers original insights into the challenges of property restitution in Romania, emphasizing the need for political will, efficient administration, and judicial independence. It highlights the relevance of addressing legal and administrative barriers and proposes practical solutions to fulfill international obligations and protect citizens' rights.
- Citation: Györgyjakab, M.-C. (2025). Property restitution in Romania: Administrative challenges and compliance with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights - Case study. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (37), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.70147/s373137
- Published on: 2nd April, 2025
- Keywords: Challenges, Administrative, Restitution, Communist, Deadlock, Property Restitution,
- Pages: 31-37
- Received: 11th March, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st March, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s373137
The role of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of kinetotherapy applied starting from the first month of life in patients with Larsen syndrome. Larsen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple skeletal abnormalities and other congenital malformations. It is caused by mutations in genes affecting connective tissue development, particularly collagen, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Treatment for Larsen syndrome is multidisciplinary, personalized, and tailored to the specific symptoms and complications of each patient. Larsen syndrome manifests across multiple systems and organs (skeleton, joints, spine, heart, respiratory system), requiring complex interventions and collaboration among specialists: orthopedists, surgeons, cardiologists, pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists, and physiotherapists. To highlight the importance of kinetotherapy in the recovery of patients with Larsen syndrome, we implemented an early kinetotherapeutic treatment program starting from the first month of life. The results of this early therapeutic program led to the acquisition of motor skills aligned with age-appropriate neuromotor development milestones. Achieving age-appropriate skills ensures a higher quality of life, facilitating the child’s integration into psycho-emotional and social contexts: kindergarten, school, and recreational activities.
- Citation: Icleanu, I. (2025). The efficacy of kinetotherapy in Larsen syndrome in children. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (37), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.70147/s373943
- Published on: 2nd April, 2025
- Keywords: Larsen Syndrome, Definitive Larsen Syndrome Diagnosis, Kinetotherapy Objectives in Larsen Syndrome, Outcome Evaluation in Larsen Syndrome Therapy,
- Pages: 39-43
- Received: 11th March, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st March, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s373943
This article examines the appointment of education department directors in Arab local authorities in Israel, focusing on the influence of hamula (clan) politics. Drawing upon court hearings and verdicts, the study reveals that hamula politics significantly impact these appointments, leading to procedural irregularities, flexible interpretations of qualification requirements, and the prevalence of extraneous political considerations. The analysis highlights a disconnect between state regulations and local practices, driven by internal political pressures and familial ties. This research underscores the complex interplay between national policies, local governance, and traditional social structures within the Arab education system in Israel, demonstrating how hamula politics undermine merit-based appointments and perpetuate systemic challenges.
- Citation: Saffuri, R. (2025). The Politics of Education: Social Pressure and Political Influence in Arab Local Authorities. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (38), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.70147/s387176
- Published on: 7th April, 2025
- Keywords: Arab Education, Local Authotiry, Hamula Politics, Director of the Education Department,
- Pages: 71-76
- Received: 2nd March, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd April, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s387176
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between economic growth and changes in consumption of macronutrients and raw materials in the Visegrad countries. Data on diet are from the World Health Organization's HFA online database, while GDP per capita data are from the Penn World Table database from 1993 to 2018. Spearman rank correlation with correlation coefficients was used to analyse the relationship between economic growth, average number of calories available per person per day (kcal), protein available per person per day (g), average amount of cereal available per person per year (kg), average amount of fruit and vegetables available per person per year (kg), and fat available per person per day (g). As economic activity increased in the Visegrad countries, the average number of calories available per person per day also increased. Also, there is a significant relationship between economic growth and the changes in consumption of macronutrients and raw materials in the Visegrad countries, although, some exceptions were identified. Based on our findings decision-makers within the Visegrad countries should strengthen policies promoting a healthier diet.
- Citation: Bíró, K., Bányai, G., Dombrádi, V., Szőllősi, G. J., Zsanda, E., & Boruzs, K. (2025). Investigation of the relationship between the changes in consumption of macronutrients and raw materials with economic growth among the Visegrad countries between 1993 and 2018. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (38), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.70147/s387787
- Published on: 7th April, 2025
- Keywords: Visegrad Countries, Economic Growth, Health Economics, Consumption, Macronutrients, Raw Materials,
- Pages: 77-87
- Received: 14th February, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 3rd April, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s387787
Production of milk and dairy products is one of the key directions of the Ukrainian food industry. The development of this sector contributes to the food security of the state, as well as contributes to the development of its export potential. However, Ukraine’s dairy industry has experienced substantial structural transformations, with milk production declining to 9.8 million tonnes in 2020 – the lowest level since the country’s independence. The export of dairy products decreased by 33%, dropping to 541 thousand tonnes, while imports surged by 90% to 335 thousand tonnes. Therefore, the study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of milk and dairy production in Ukraine, evaluating the economic efficiency, concentration of dairy enterprises, and their financial performance. Utilising secondary data from the State Statistical Service of Ukraine and Emerging Markets Information System (EMIS), the research employs multivariate statistical methods to analyse industry trends. The practical importance of the study lies in providing actionable insights for industry stakeholders to improve milk production efficiency, dairy product competitiveness, and market stability.
- Citation: Gereles, A., Szőllősi, L. (2025). A Study of Ukrainian Dairy Industry: Financial Performance and Trends. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (38), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.70147/s3889105
- Published on: 8th May, 2025
- Keywords: Dairy Industry, Milk Production, Ukraine, Efficiency, Profitability, EMIS Database,
- Pages: 89-105
- Received: 15th March, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 4th May, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s3889105
This systematic literature review explores recent academic insights into the influence of ambient music on the consumption behaviors of generation Z, a demographic characterized by distinct digital habits, emotional responsiveness, and unique preferences in retail and hospitality environments. By synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies across marketing, psychology, and consumer behavior disciplines, the paper identifies key dimensions of auditory stimuli—such as tempo, genre, familiarity, volume, and emotional valence—and analyzes their psychological impact on mood, perception, and purchase intentions. Special attention is given to the contextual factors that modulate the effectiveness of music as a background element in consumer spaces. The review offers actionable implications for marketers aiming to optimize the sensory experience for generation Z customers and highlights research gaps regarding the cultural, situational, and technological mediators of music-induced behavioral responses, suggesting avenues for future interdisciplinary exploration.
- Citation: Ungureanu, A. (2025). The Soundtrack of a Generation: a Systematic Literature Review on the Influence of Ambient Music on Generation Z Consumers. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (38), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.70147/s38107111
- Published on: 8th May, 2025
- Keywords: Ambient Music, Generation Z, Consumer Behavior, Auditory Marketing, Emotional Engagement, Impulse Buying,
- Pages: 107-111
- Received: 24th March, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 4th May, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s38107111
Understanding the interconnectedness of financial markets is essential for assessing market efficiency, risk transmission, and financial integration, particularly in the context of global shocks. While the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted numerous empirical investigations into international stock market co-movements, important gaps remain regarding the integration between developed and emerging European markets. This study explores the degree of integration between the Romanian stock market and major developed Western European markets, with a particular emphasis on Germany, Romania’s largest trading partner. Employing partial wavelet coherence analysis, we analyze the co-movement between the German DAX and Romanian BET indices across three distinct periods: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that the pandemic temporarily weakened market integration, but this effect was reversed in the post-pandemic period, with integration not only recovering but intensifying. These results carry important implications for investors, policymakers, and scholars concerned with financial contagion, regional integration, and the resilience of emerging markets in the European context.
- Citation: Benedek, B. (2025). Romanian Stock Market Integration with Europe: A Covid-19 Perspective. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (38), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.70147/s38113121
- Published on: 16th May, 2025
- Keywords: Financial Market Integration; Co-movement; Covid-19 Pandemic; Partial Wavelet Coherence,
- Pages: 113-121
- Received: 5th April, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 14th May, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s38113121
This study presents a comprehensive meta-data analysis of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) research in the healthcare sector, synthesizing recent academic literature to map key themes, trends, and construct relationships. Leveraging a systematic literature review guided by PRISMA protocols, 38 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus (2021–2025) were analyzed to describe the evolution of scholarly interest, collaboration networks, and thematic clustering in LSS healthcare research. The results reveal a dynamic and collaborative research landscape, with contributions from 130 unique authors across 57 countries, and a broad spectrum of journals and publishers. India leads in publication volume, highlighting regional disparities and the need for greater engagement from underrepresented countries such as Indonesia. The study identifies three core constructs—Organizational Management & Efficiency, Operational Implementation, and Healthcare Delivery and Quality—each empirically grounded in co-occurring and highly correlated keywords. Through co-occurrence analysis and keyword correlation, the research develops robust indicators for each construct and proposes a data-driven path model for future quantitative analysis using PLS-SEM. While the findings advance theoretical and practical understanding of LSS implementation, the study is limited by its focus on English-language, Scopus-indexed articles within a five-year period, and by the predominance of research on private hospital institutions. Recommendations for future research include empirical validation of the proposed constructs, extension to broader healthcare settings, and examination of mediating and moderating factors in LSS effectiveness.
- Citation: Komaling, J., Tuegeh, O. D. M., Arie, F. V., & Tumiwa, J. R. (2025). Transforming systematic literature synthesis into meta-data analysis: The impact of Lean Six Sigma in the healthcare sector. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (39), 144-158. https://doi.org/10.70147/s39144158
- Published on: 1st June, 2025
- Keywords: Lean Six Sigma (LSS), Meta-data analysis, Systematic literature review, PRISMA,
- Pages: 144-158
- Received: 28th April, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 29th May, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s39144158
This work explores the disparities between the Arab and Jewish education systems in Israel, focusing on structural inequalities, government policies, and recent developments in educational outcomes. Drawing on official data and academic research, it highlights persistent funding and infrastructure gaps, differences in teacher training, and varying levels of access to non-formal education. The paper pays particular attention to Government Resolutions 922 and 550, which sought to reduce inequalities through targeted funding and support for Arab local authorities in Israel. While these initiatives have led to some improvements - such as increased participation in higher education and improvement in teacher qualifications—many gaps remain, especially in infrastructure and academic achievement. The findings emphasize the need for sustained investment, structural reform, and culturally responsive education policy to advance equity between the two systems.
- Citation: Saffuri, R. (2025). Arab and Jewish Education Systems in Israel: Differences, Disparities, and Challenges. A Comparative Review of Structure, Funding, and Outcomes in Local Authorities. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (39), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.70147/s39159168
- Published on: 1st June, 2025
- Keywords: Arab Education, Jewish Education System, Educational Gaps, Educational Equity, Israel, Student Achievement, Arab Local Authorities, Minority Education,
- Pages: 159-168
- Received: 7th May, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 31st May, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s39159168
This study explores behavior-based customer segmentation by integrating Recency, Frequency, and Monetary value (RFM) analysis with the K-Means++ clustering algorithm. Using one year of invoice-level transactional data from a Romanian Food and Beverage (F&B) provider serving restaurants and coffee shops, the research aims to deliver actionable insights to enhance marketing and sales strategies. After standardizing the dataset to address scale differences, the Elbow Method was applied to determine the optimal number of clusters, resulting in five distinct customer groups: Champions, Loyal Customers, Promising, Hibernating Customers, and Lost Customers. Notably, the Champion segment, consisting of a single customer, accounts for 15% of total sales, highlighting both profitability and dependence risks. Loyal and Promising customers were identified as the most strategically valuable segments for targeted retention and growth initiatives. The clustering results were validated through visualization techniques and internal metrics, confirming the effectiveness of the segmentation. By relying exclusively on transactional data, this approach ensures GDPR compliance and offers a scalable framework for continuous monitoring and dynamic strategy adaptation. The findings provide immediate financial implications for the company, illustrating the potential of machine learning-driven behavior-based segmentation in B2B markets with frequent, recurring transactions.
- Citation: Juhasz, J. (2025). Machine Learning-Driven Customer Segmentation: A Behavior-Based Approach for F&B Providers. SEA - Practical Application of Science, Year (volume) XIII (39), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.70147/s39169176
- Published on: 15th June, 2025
- Keywords: RFM Analysis, K-Means++ Algorithm, Applied Machine Learning, Business Analytics, Food and Beverage Sector, GDPR-Compliant Data Analysis,
- Pages: 169-176
- Received: 4th May, 2025
- Final revision and acceptance: 12th June, 2025
- Download: PDF
- Doi: https://doi.org/10.70147/s39169176
